asia's largest mining

 news sources from wikipedia
PT. Freeport Indonesia is a mining company which is majority owned by Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc. .. The company is the largest taxpayer to the Indonesian company and is the world's largest gold producer through the Grasberg mine. Freeport Indonesia has conducted exploration in two places in Papua, respectively Erstberg mine (from 1967) and the Grasberg mine (since 1988), in the Copper Pura, Mimika District, Papua Province.

Freeport grown into a company with revenues of 2.3 billion dollars. Freeport said its existence gives direct and indirect benefits to Indonesia amounted to 33 billion dollars from the year 1992-2004. This figure is almost equal to 2 percent of Indonesia's GDP. With gold prices reaching the highest value in the last 25 years, that is 540 dollars per ounce, Freeport is expected to fill the government coffers $ 1 billion.

shareholder

     Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc.. (USA) - 81.28%
     Government of Indonesia - 9.36%
     PT. Indocopper Investama - 9.36%

The resulting mineral

     copper
     gold
     Silver
     molybdenum
     rhenium

All this results in a material that is not clear mine because the mine is in Indonesia shipped outside for refining, while molybdenum and rhenium is a byproduct of processing copper ore.

history
 
Map location of Freeport Indonesia
Formerly in the community there are myths concerning the real man, who comes from a mother, who became after his death turned into a land that stretches along the Amungsal (Land Amugme), this area is considered sacred by the local people, so it is customary not allowed to enter.
Since 1971, Freeport Indonesia, entry into this sacred area, and open mines Erstberg. Since 1971 that tribal Amugme moved out of the area to the foothills region.
Erstberg mine is exhausted open-pit her in 1989, followed by mining at Grasberg area with production licenses issued Mentamben Ginandjar Kartasasmita in 1996. In this permission, listed on the EIA production allowed is 300 thousand / ton / day.

 ControversyAccording to employees and former employees of Freeport, for many years James R Moffett, a Louisiana-born geologist, who is also the head of this company, diligently cultivate friendly relations with President Suharto and his cronies. This is done to secure the Freeport business. Freeport pay for their holiday expenses, tuition fees and even their children, including making agreements that benefit both parties.The letters and other documents provided to the New York Times by government officials showed, Ministry of Environment has repeatedly warned the company since 1997, Freeport violated legislation on the environment. According to calculations Freeport, they can produce mining waste / waste material by approximately 6 billion tons (more than twice the materials excavated earth to create the Panama Canal). Most of the waste was dumped in the mountains around the mine site, or to a system of rivers that flow down into the wet lowlands, close to Lorentz National Park, a tropical rain forest that has been given special status by the United Nations.A multimillion-dollar study conducted in 2002 Parametrix, American consulting firm, paid by Freeport and Rio Tinto, its business partners, the results were never published record, the upstream rivers and low-lying areas were flooded with sewage wet mine now no match for aquatic living beings. The report was submitted to the New York Times by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia. New York Times repeatedly asked permission to Freeport and the Indonesian government to visit the mine and the area around it because it is necessary for special permission for journalists. All requests were denied. Freeport only respond in writing. A letter signed by Stanley S Arkin, the company's legal counsel said the Grasberg is a copper mine, with gold as a byproduct, and that many journalists have visited the mine before the Indonesian government tightened the rules in the 1990s.

 Freeport relations and militaryOver the years, Freeport has the security unit itself, while the Indonesian military are battling a resurgent separatist movement weak and low. Then it began to security needs are interrelated.There is no investigation that found a link Freeport directly with human rights violations, but more and more people are connecting Freeport Papua violence perpetrated by the military, and in some cases violence was carried out by using Freeport. An Australian anthropologist, Chris Ballard, who worked for Freeport, and Abigail Abrash, a human rights activist from the United States, estimates that as many as 160 people have been killed by the military between the years 1975-1997 at the mine site and surrounding area.In March 1996, the anger against the firm when the riots broke out in the form of anti-corporate sentiment of several different groups to join.Free-port tapped into the news in his e-mail. According to two people who read e-mail e-mail it at the time, there are certain military units, local communities and environmental groups working together. An exchange of information using e-mail between a public figure with a head full of environmental organizations tactical military intelligence. In another e-mail, a lead environmental organization asks its members resign because demonstrations have turned violent.From the interviews conducted, former Freeport officials and officials said they were surprised to see a man with a military haircut, wearing combat boots and holding a walkie-talkie radios among the rioters were. The men were seen directing the unrest, and on one occasion, lead the masses headed to Freeport laboratory, which they tossed.

 SecurityFreeport documents show, from 1998 to 2004 Freeport gave nearly 20 million dollars to the generals, colonels, majors and captains of the military and police, and military units. Each commanders received tens of thousands of dollars, even in a case until it reaches $ 150,000, as set out in that document.The documents were given to the New York Times by someone close to Freeport, and according to former employees as well as employees of Freeport, the documents were authentic original alias. In his written response to the New York Times, Freeport said the company had taken steps that need to be in accordance with the laws of the United States and Indonesia to provide a safe working environment for more than 18,000 employees and employees of contractor companies. Freeport also said it had no alternative but to depend entirely on the military and the Indonesian police and the decisions taken in regard to relations with the Indonesian government and its security institutions, are ordinary business activities.In short order, Freeport spent 35 million dollars to build military infrastructure - barracks, headquarters, dining halls, roads - and the company also gave the commanders 70 Land Rover cars types and Land Cruiser, which is replaced every few years. All gain something, even the navy and the air force. According to former employees and employees of Freeport, when the company has recruited a former CIA field agent, and upon his recommendation, the company then approached a military attache at the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta and asked him to join. Then two former U.S. military officers were recruited, and a special department, called the Emergency Operations Plan (Emergency Planning Operation) was established to deal with a new relationship with the military Freeport Indonesia.Emergency Operations Planning Department recently began to make monthly payments to the military commanders, while the Office of Risk Management Security (Security Risk Management office) regulate payments to police. This information was obtained from company documents and former employees and employee information Freeport. According to company documents, company paid at least $ 20 million (about USD 184 billion) to the military and police in Papua from 1998 until May 2004. Then there is also an additional $ 10 million (about USD 92 billion), which was also paid to the military and police at that time for a total of about USD 276 billion.New York Times received Freeport financial documents for seven years from someone close to the company. Additional documents for three years provided by Global Witness, an NGO which issued a report in July, entitled Paying for Protection (Paid Protection) [1] on military ties with Indonesia Freeport. Diamird 0'Sullivan, who works for Global Witness in London, criticized the payments made Freeport.According to the company, all expenses does it have to go through the budget examination process. Notes received by the New York Times showed payments to military officers individually listed under topics such as cost of food, services and additional monthly administration. Commanders receiving such funds are not required to sign a receipt.Reverend Lowry, who retired from Freeport in March 2004 but remained a consultant until June, said, actually there is no sufficient reason for Freeport to provide funds directly to military officers.Company records show, the biggest recipient was the commander of the troops in the Freeport area, Lieutenant Colonel Togap F. Gultom. For six months in 2001, he was given only a little less than $ 100,000 for the cost of food, and more than $ 150,000 next year. In 2002, Freeport also gave money to at least 10 other commanders reached more than $ 350,000 for the cost of meals.According to the former employees and employees of Freeport, payments are made to the officers, the wives and their children, as individuals. Fly-ranking generals in first class or business class, and the officers of the lower economic classes, said Brigadier General Ramizan Tarigan receiving tickets worth $ 14,000 dollars in 2002 for himself and his family members.General Tarigan occupying senior positions in the police said the police officers allowed to accept airplane tickets because their pay is very low but it is against police regulations to receive cash payments. In April 2002, the company paid senior military officers in Papua, Maj. Gen. Mahidin Simbolon, more than 64,000 dollars for the so-called Freeport in the financial books as "fund for military project plan 2002".Eight months later, in December, General Simbolon received more than 67,000 dollars for humanitarian civic action projects. These payments were first reported by Global Witness. General Simbolon, who is now the Inspector General of the Indonesian Army, declined requests to be interviewed.In 2003, after the Enron scandals and the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which requires financial accounting practices are more stringent on companies, Freeport began making payments to army units rather than to the individual officer. Similarly, according to the records available and as manifested by the former employees and the employees of this company.According to records, the company paid police units in Papua slightly under 1 million dollars in 2003, registered under such topics as "additional monthly payment," "administrative costs" and "administrative support." Freeport told the New York Times, in determining the kind of support that can be given, it is the company's policy to take account of the possibility of human rights abuses. "According to records received by the New York Times, the paramilitary police, the Brigade (Brimob), which often cited by the U.S. State Department for his cruelty, received more than $ 200,000 in 2003.

 Event

    February 21, 2006, occurred the expulsion of locals doing panning gold from the remnants of waste production in Kali Kabur Wanamon Freeport. Expulsion conducted by the joint police and Freeport security guard. As a result of the expulsion of these clashes and shelling. Local residents who knew the incident was later occupied and closed the main road in Freeport Ridge Camp, at Mile 72-74, for a few days. The road is the only access to the Grasberg mining and processing locations.
    February 22, 2006, a group of students from Papua in Timika shooting action on the day before the 89th Plasa damaging buildings in Jakarta, which is the building where the offices of PT Freeport Indonesia.
    February 23, 2006, the people of West Papua who are members of Solidarity Freeport tragedy staged a rally in front of the palace, demanding the president to close Freeport Indonesia. The same action performed by about 50 students from Papua in Manado.
    February 25, 2006, PT Freeport Indonesia workers to return to work after the bar opened at Mile 74.
    February 27, 2006, the United Front of West Papuan People's Struggle occupying the offices of PT Freeport Indonesia at Plasa 89, Jakarta. Action against Freeport also occurred in Jayapura and Manado.
    February 28, 2006, protesters at Plasa 89, Jakarta, clashed with police. This action resulted in eight police officers were injured.
    March 1, 2006, a demonstration for 3 days at Plasa 89 ends. 8 NGOs who assist Papuan students were arrested on charges of breaking into the action Papuan students . Dozens of Papuan student in Makassar demonstrate and destroy the West Irian Liberation Monument.
    March 3, 2006, the people of Papua in Solo demonstrated against Freeport.
    March 7, 2006, demonstration at Mile 28, Timika near the airport Moses Kilangin cause disrupted flight schedules.
    March 14, 2006, a mob carrying arrows and spears cover 28 checkpoint in Timika. Massa also raging in front of the Hotel Sheraton.
    March 15, 2006, the police disperse the crowd at Mile 28 and arrested eight people accused of damaging Hotel Sheraton. Two police hit arrows.
    March 16, 2006, the action of blocking the road in front of Cendrawasih University Campus, Abepura, Jayapura, by the people and students who are members of Parliament and Front Streets Act of PB Jayapura city, ending with a bloody clash, causing the 3 members of the Mobile Brigade and 1 was killed and dozens of military intelligence wounds of both the students and the authorities.
    March 17, 2006, three residents Abepura, Papua, were wounded by a bullet bounce after several members of the Mobile Brigade fired their guns into the air in front of Kodim Abepura . Some television journalists who covered persecuted and destroyed his equipment by the Mobile Brigade.
    March 22, 2006, another BriMobs died after being in critical condition for six days
    March 23, 2006, the mountain slopes in open-pit mining area of ​​PT Freeport Indonesia's Grasberg, landslides and accumulate a number of workers. 3 people died and dozens were injured.
    March 23, 2006, the Ministry of Environment to publish the findings of the monitoring and regulation of environmental quality in the area of ​​PT Freeport Indonesia. As a result, Freeport is considered not meet the wastewater and has been polluting the sea and marine life.
    18 April 2007, about 9,000 employees of Freeport strike to demand improved welfare. Negotiations finally settled on 21 April after an agreement was reached that included the lowest salary increases
    October 21, 2011, approximately three people were killed in a shooting incident in Timika Freeport's Papua. Marcelianus, a national police personnel of the rank of Brigadier police also shot dead one.